俄罗斯对独联体外交政策研究（Study on the Foreign Policy of Russia on the CIS）

苏联解体被普京称为"20世纪最大的地缘政治灾难"，而作为苏联遗产的继承者，俄罗斯所经历的制度转型和对外关系重建自然成为世界瞩目的焦点。20世纪90年代中期以来，伴随着俄罗斯对外战略的全面调整，对独联体外交很快被确定为优先方向，并成为俄罗斯整体外交战略中最重要的一环。首先，独联体是俄罗斯国家的根本利益所在，是复兴大国地位和确保国家安全的地缘战略依托。其次，在独联体一体化的具体领域，经济一体化从落实自由贸易区协议起步，以最终形成欧亚经济联盟为目标；政治军事一体化从协调外交立场和形成集体防御体系及组建快速反应部队起步，最终在独联体框架内组建统一的军事政治同盟。第三，在一体化的具体形式上，在发展与独联体国家双边关系的同时，努力加强后苏联空间内次区域和独联体整体合作等多种形式、不同速度的一体化，重点通过发展关税同盟和独联体集体安全条约组织来推进独联体经济和军事一体化整合。总体上，普京的独联体政策基本遏止了俄罗斯在后苏联空间影响力急剧下滑的势头，甚至其威望还得到了较快提升。（The collapse of the Soviet Union was called as "the biggest geopolitical catastrophe of the 20th century" by Putin while as the successor of the Soviet legacy, Russia naturally becomes the focus of attention of the world for its undertakings of institutional transformation and reconstruction of foreign relations. Since the mid 1990s, along with the comprehensive adjustment of the Russia's foreign strategy, the diplomatic relation with the commonwealth of independent states (CIS) was soon identified as a priority, which at the same time became the most important part of the Russia's overall diplomatic strategy. First of all, the national fundamental interests of Russia fall on the CIS, because CIS is the basis of the geopolitical strategy for Russia to revive its superpower status and ensure its national security. Secondly, in specific areas of the CIS integration, starting from the implementation of the free trade zone agreement, the economic integration aims at the eventual establishment of the Eurasian Economic Union; starting from the coordination of the diplomatic stance, the formation of the collective defense system and the organization of the quick reaction force, the political and military integration aims at the eventual establishment of the military and political alliance within the framework of CIS. Thirdly, in the specific form of the integration, during the development of the bilateral relations with the CIS countries, Russia, at the same time, is promoting the economic and military integration of CIS by the enhancement of the sub-region within the post-soviet space, the overall cooperation with CIS and other forms of integration with different speeds, as well as by focusing on the development of the customs union and the CIS collective security treaty organization. In general, the CIS policy of Putin has basically stopped the sharp decline of Russia in the post-soviet spatial influence, which even has greatly enhanced its prestige.）